*If the third contact is a double contacted ball that goes over the net, then a double signal is used. If the ball bounces off the tape and does not go over (and also touches a person for the 4th contact), then the four contact signals would be used.
*When a foot fault occurs on the serve, we point at the endline just like we would a centerline violation (not moving our hand signal left to right towards the endline).
*When the R2 whistles an out of bounds ball such as a ball outside the antennae on R2 side the following is the proper sequence. The R2 fully blows the whistle and gives out of bounds signal. The R1 then just awards point to opponent’s side using the proper signal and the R2 mimics the point signal and that completes the sequence.
Backrow player participating in a block: What should the call be?
What’s Illegal: A backrow player (non-libero) cannot complete a block (touch the ball above the net to stop an opponent’s attack).
The “Soft Block” Issue: An attempt by a backrow player to block (hands high, close to the net) is often whistled as a fault (Illegal Block) if they are clearly in the blocking zone and it interferes with the opponent’s attack, even without contact, especially if the opponent hits into their space.
If No Contact & Play Continues: If the backrow player jumps, reaches, but misses the ball entirely, and the ball is played by a teammate as the first contact (a “soft block” or “first touch”), it’s legal, and the team still gets three hits.
The Call: If the referee decides the backrow player’s action was an illegal attempt to block (interfering or reaching high in the front zone), it’s an illegal block (or backrow block fault), and the play stops with a point for the other team.